微波场协同提取红龙果食用红色素的研究

研究了应用微波从红龙果（Hylocereus Costaricensis or Weber Britt）中提取食用红色素的新工艺，并确定了最佳工艺条件：提取剂为50％的乙醇溶液，原料用量（g）与提取剂用量（mL）比为1：90。微波功率为700W，提取时间为20s，提取次数为4次。最佳工艺条件下的色素提取率为98．94％，产品pH值为6。与溶剂浸提法相比，微波法提取红龙果食用红色素的每次提取时间由2h减少到20s，提取率从90．96％增加到98．94％。     

红龙果食用红色素H的提取工艺条件

红龙果又称青龙果或芝麻果(ＨｙｌｏｃｅｒｅｕｓＣｏｓｔａｒｉｃｅｎｓｉｓｏｒＷｅｂｅｒＢｒｉｔｔ),是仙人掌科三角桩属植物,原产墨西哥,是近年由国外引进的新兴食用水果,为食肉弃皮水果,皮厚约占果重28%为深红色。我们进行了从红龙果皮中提取天然色素Ｈ[1-4]的工艺条件研究,以利其开发利用。1　实验部分1 1　浸提实验称取切碎的红龙果果皮每份重10ｇ①分别加入水、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、乙醚、石油醚和甲苯各20ｍｌ,室温浸提5小时,过滤,观察提取液颜色;取滤液5ｍｌ于25ｍｌ容量瓶中,加水稀释至刻度,测最大吸光度Ａ值。②分别用无…     

Separation of polar betalain pigments from cacti fruits of Hylocereus polyrhizus by ion-pair high-speed countercurrent chromatography

Polar betacyanin pigments together with betaxanthins from ripe cactus fruits of Hylocereus polyrhizus (Cactaceae) were fractionated by means of preparative ion-pair high-speed countercurrent chromatography (IP-HSCCC) also using the elution–extrusion (EE) approach for a complete pigment recovery. HSCCC separations were operated in the classical ‘head-to-tail’ mode with an aqueous mobile phase. Different CCC solvent systems were evaluated in respect of influence and effectiveness of fractionation capabilities to separate the occurring pigment profile of H. polyrhizus. For that reason, the additions of two different volatile ion-pair forming perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCA) were investigated. For a direct comparison, five samples of Hylocereus pigment extract were run on preparative scale (900 mg) in 1-butanol–acetonitrile–aqueous TFA 0.7% (5:1:6, v/v/v) and the modified systems tert.-butyl methyl ether–1-butanol–acetonitrile–aqueous PFCA (2:2:1:5, v/v/v/v) using 0.7% and 1.0% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA) in the aqueous phase, respectively. The chemical affinity to the organic stationary CCC solvent phases and in consequence the retention of these highly polar betalain pigments was significantly increased by the use of the more lipophilic fluorinated ion-pair reagent HFBA instead of TFA. The HFBA additions separated more effectively the typical cacti pigments phyllocactin and hylocerenin from betanin as well as their iso-forms. Unfortunately, similar K_D ratios and selectivity factors α around 1.0–1.1 in all tested solvent systems proved that the corresponding diastereomers, 15S-type pigments cannot be resolved from the 15R-epimers (iso-forms). Surprisingly, additions of the stronger ion-pair reagent (HFBA) resulted in a partial separation of hylocerenin from phyllocactin which were not resolved in the other solvent systems. The pigments were detected by means of HPLC-DAD and HPLC-electrospray ionization–MS using also authentic reference materials.     

红龙果食用红色素的提取及理化性质分析（I）

从红龙果中提取了食用红色素H和副产物，研究了该食用红色素的理化性质，包括红色素的溶解性和可见吸收光谱特征，溶液pH值、加热、光等对色素稳定性的影响；还进行了色素和副产物的IR分析，红龙果挥发油成分的GC-MS分析；研究表明该色素为水溶性色素，其吸收光谱因pH而异，在pH=4-7、低温、避光条件下稳定性好；副产物为肌醇。     

七星剑花、肇芡的微量元素研究

七星剑花和肇芡是广东肇庆产的著名地道中药，本文首次报道两者的金属微量元素的测定方法及测定结果。并发现七星剑花钙的含量比其他微量元素高3个数量级，提示其水煮液及作为汤料有高级天然补钙剂的作用。